![]() Ganymede has water ice on the surface, and likely has a large ocean of salty liquid water deep in the subsurface. Callisto is thought to have a surface composed of a mixture of water ice and rock and, like Ganymede, a deep underground ocean of salty liquid water. Jupiter’s moons harbor a lot of ice in many forms. Jupiter doesn’t have a solid surface, but its atmosphere contains water vapor. Asteroid BeltĪsteroids are at a point in the solar system called the “frost line” where the heat from the sun is low enough that water condenses into ice. Beyond this line, you are less likely to find liquid water unless it’s below a protective layer of ice, contains dissolved salt to keep from freezing, or is under pressure in an atmosphere. The asteroid/dwarf planet Ceres, for example, may contain an outer layer of dust and rock under which there is a deep layer of salty water ice. Oblique view of the fan-shaped delta deposit in Jezero crater on Mars, which is indicative of past water activity. Earth’s Moon also has small amounts of water ice in permanently shadowed craters and is thought to have buried ice deposits at the poles. As a bonus, Earth also has underground liquid water and ice and water vapor in the atmosphere. Home, sweet home – the only planet with accessible liquid water at the surface at “room temperature” in lakes, oceans, rivers, but also in solid form as ice caps and glaciers. The atmosphere of Venus has water vapor, just like Earth’s atmosphere. The surface of Venus is harsh and unlikely to contain liquid water, despite being similar in size to Earth. Many scientists believe that Venus had water long ago just like Earth, but that the water was lost to space because Venus does not have a protective magnetic field like Earth. However, there’s not much water and it’s all in the form of ice that would disappear very quickly if exposed to the sun since Mercury doesn’t have a protective atmosphere like Earth. Like Earth’s Moon, there is water in permanently shadowed craters near Mercury’s poles.
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